Every row is recourse. What moves is how much, and pre-sales are the lever.
| LEVERAGE | COVERAGE FLOOR | AMORT | TERM | STRUCTURE | RECOURSE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finished-lot bank (perm) | 55% of sell-out | Release-price coverage 1.15x | I/O | 24 mo | I/O, lot-release paydown | Recourse |
| Horizontal (bridge) | 60% of sell-out | Loan-to-sell-out + release 1.25x | I/O | 36 mo | Draw up, lot-release paydown | Recourse |
| Vertical for-sale (construction) | 65% of sell-out | Release + developer margin | I/O | 18-30 mo | Draw up, per-closing release | Recourse (+ pre-sales) |
A sponsor arriving from an income-property background brings the wrong numbers to this conversation, DSCR, cap rate, NOI, none of which apply here, and the file stalls before it starts. What governs instead is sell-out value, release pricing, and developer margin. The sooner a sponsor reframes the deal around those three, the faster it moves through underwriting.
Leverage is expressed as a percentage of sell-out, not of cost or value, because the lender's real security is the future sale, not the dirt today.
Leverage rises from 55% at finished-lot perm to 65% at vertical construction, but the number sponsors actually negotiate hardest over is the release price per lot and how paydown is credited against the loan. Get the release schedule wrong and a project that pencils on paper runs out of working capital halfway through the sell-out.
A sponsor who can explain their release mechanics clearly has demonstrated more credibility to a lender than any leverage table could.
Every product on this page carries recourse, land and for-sale development are a fundamentally different risk profile than income real estate, and no lender in this market underwrites it non-recourse. What actually moves is how much recourse, and the primary lever a sponsor controls is pre-sales.
Units under contract before construction financing closes materially change what a lender will offer on leverage and guaranty burn-off. It's worth lining up pre-sales before, not after, the loan request goes to market.
Underwriting and real options at no cost. A senior originator, not a queue.
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